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Two Cheers For Democracy (Harvest Book), by E.M. Forster
Free Ebook Two Cheers For Democracy (Harvest Book), by E.M. Forster
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Essays that applaud democracy's toleration of individual freedom and self-criticism and deplore its encouragement of mediocrity: "We may still contrive to raise three cheers for democracy, although at present she only deserves two."
- Sales Rank: #647168 in Books
- Published on: 1962-01-24
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x .96" w x 5.50" l, 1.05 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 384 pages
- ISBN13: 9780156920254
- Condition: New
- Notes: BRAND NEW FROM PUBLISHER! 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. Tracking provided on most orders. Buy with Confidence! Millions of books sold!
Most helpful customer reviews
16 of 16 people found the following review helpful.
a powerful arguement for democracy
By A Customer
E.M. Forster is better known as a writer than as a great thinker.
This volume contains most of his nonfiction writings and thus introduces us to a different side of Forster. Some of the pieces, it is true, are on writing, but most relevant for today is probably his political thought.
Forster provides us with a window into the world of the nineteen thirties where democracy was perceived as a fragile and precious object in danger of being blown away by the forces of fascism and communism. Still, in "What I believe" and "Three Anti-Nazi broadcasts" Forster reaffirms his belief in this form of government.
Democracy is important, he argues, because it allows criticism. He argues that "parliament is often sneered at because it is a Talking Shop. I believe in it because it is a talking shop. I believe in the Private Member who makes himself a nuisance. He gets snubbed and is told that he is cranky or ill- informed, but he does expose abuses which would otherwise never have been mentioned".
Forster argues forcefully against hero worship and against the cult of "great men". Although rooted in a bygone era, much of his thinking retains some relevance today.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent Writing, thought some subjects are now obsolete
By Classics Lover
This is a collection of essays by Forster, the authors of "A Passage to India", "A Room with a View", etc., etc., about numerous contemporary subjects -- from his 1930s and wartime essays, lectures, and broadcasts against fascism and for democracy, to his recollections of India, to his reviews of the works of his generations' poets and writers -- the best and longest (2/3rds or so) part of the book -- on people as varied as Lawrence of Arabia and Virginia Wolf.
Some of these essays are general, pro-democracy and pro-culture, anti-fascist writing. They are perfectly competent, but are the weakest part of the book (hence only four stars). I am not saying this is due to Forster's lack of talent. It is, paradoxically, because what he said turned out to be right: OF COURSE fascism and communism are against human rights, against individuality, against freedom and all we hold dear, isn't it?. But that is clear to us now; it was not at all clear to all when Foerster wrote most of these essays, in the 1930s. It is sometimes hard for us to remember how enticing fascism and communism, with their apparent success, looked to many -- by no means all of them stupid or evil -- at the time, when democracy seemed to be on its last legs. Similarly, OF COURSE writing, of poetry, of music, should continue in wartime. Isn't preserving culure what the war was all about? Yet in 1940 and 1941, when these essays were written, it was not at all clear Britain will survive, and any penny spent on culture seemed a penny less for the war effort. He said what was obvious in 1950 -- but already in 1930 or 1940. No mean feat.
Much more interesting, for us, are his reviews of the work of contemporary writers, Forster was a humanist in the real sense of the word. He loved India -- and by that I mean he loved Indians, too, not just the exotic scenery. He was not racist at all, seeing women, Greeks, Indians, and Muslims (including Indian Muslims), as his full equals in poetic power, intelligence, and achievement, as his essays on Woolf, Cavafy, or Syed Ross Masood show -- quite a remakable characteristic for a man of his time. Why? Because he cared for culture above all. He cared nothing for politics, for race, for feminism (or male superiority). He cared only for individual human beings, and for their spiritual, poetic qualities, at that -- not their political achievements. So whomever you were, it was whether you are a cultured person that mattered ot Forster, and what kind of work you did as an artist that he cared about.
This comes out most strongly in his essay, "What I Believe", in which he envisions a society of "Aristocrats" -- culturally superior, senisitive and intelligent people. Such people (of which it is not at all clear he is vain enough to include himself) tend to avoid government jobs and positions of power, and march on, resisting society's desire to make them serve "useful", government ends, instread of "useless" things like, say, poetry. But one poem by Cavafly, a clerk in an Alexandrian (in Egypt) railroad stations in "real life", is worth any number of powerful go-getter master-of-the-universe lawyers: he was one of those who belong to this "invincible, yet not a victorious" army. Far fewer peoples would have known about Dr. Samuel Johnson today if Boswell, instead of looking after his career in the courts, had not preferred to spend his time with him. Clearly a club to which women or Indians could easily belong, indeed, perhaps more easily than the career-oriented white men of the time.
Thus the essays in the book. He was a close friend of T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), who surely told him some interesting stories about his exploits. Yet he (Forster) dismisses in a few lines what Lawrence did politically. He cared far more for the fact that he was an old romantic who ran away from civlization deliberately, and of the curious qualities of his book, "The Seven Pillars of Wisdom". Similarly, he dismisses Woolf's political, i.e., feminist work (correctly I think) as her weakest, and appreciating her literary and poetic achievements in her other works, such as "To the Lighthouse". (He thinks she was a poet who wrote prose, a very interesting view). Or he sees Butler's satirical novel "Erwohn" ("Nowhere"), a retelling of Moore's utopia -- where the hero, with his friend Yram ("Mary") and the Nosnibor ("Robinson") family, where he satirizes Victorian society -- as far more important for its literary qualities than for whatever political effect it had or injustices it pointed out.
This is the exact opposite of today's most popular view, that literature and culture must serve political ends -- for him, there is no point for politics if it does not serve culture and literature . An extremely interesting read of extremely interestesting opinions, by a great writer who was also a great critic.
9 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
More Relevant Than Ever Before
By Ford Ka
In times when it seems all too easy to give away our rights in exchange for largely virtual safety, the voice of E. M. Forster sounds more loud and clear than ever before. In his essays written before and after the Second World War Forster discusses the dangers that we are facing today. Forster's solution may seem naive to our cynical age but only if we don't try to get to the bottom. This book is a lesson we still have not learned - always worth another look.
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